上海石化外贸之路的探索

上海石化经过30年的发展，外贸工作取得了较大的成就，但就目前面临的机遇与挑战而言，仍存在着许多问题，建议上海石化应从加强和改善发展战略、确立全球性的营销观念、改进产品结构、逐步形成有上海石化特色和优势的拳头产品等方面着手，不断提高上海石化的市场竞争力。     

Explaining Trade Flows of Singapore

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, the development of the trade patterns of Singapore and particularly between Singapore and its South-East Asian partners will be outlined and interpreted against a backdrop of relevant trade policy measures, for example in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Second, a simple model of the gravity type is applied in order to establish and quantify the role of various trade determinants. Despite the fact that Singapore has strived at being a 'global city', it remains rather heavily biased towards East Asia as far as foreign trade is concerned. The role of ASEAN in particular is strong, even if the role of entrepôt trade tends to exaggerate the degree of integration between the economies of Singapore and ASEAN. It also seems clear that the latter, as an organization, has not contributed much to the development of trade relations between its members. Rather the closeness and the liberalization of these economies during the last 15 years or so appear to have been decisive. It is interesting to note that the newer members of ASEAN seem to have been integrated quickly in Singapore's economic network.     

THE J CURVE: CHINA VERSUS HER TRADING PARTNERS

The short‐run effects of currency depreciation are said to be different from its long‐run effects. In the short run, the trade balance deteriorates and improvement comes after some time; hence, the J‐curve phenomenon. Previous studies that tested the response of the trade balance to exchange rate changes in China employed aggregate trade data and provided mixed results. Indeed, most of them concluded that real depreciation has no long‐run impact on the Chinese trade balance. In this paper, we disaggregate the data by country and using recent advances in time series modelling estimate a trade balance model between China and her 13 major trading partners. We show that real depreciation of the Chinese currency has a favourable impact on her trade balance with a few partners, especially the USA. Not much support is found for the J‐curve hypothesis.     

论美国多轨制对外贸易政策的形成与经济效应

20世纪70年代初,经济实力相对衰弱迫使美国对外贸易政策更加务实,构成了美国实行多轨制对外贸易政策的主要原因。实行多轨制对外贸易政策以来,美国经济结构进一步软化和其他国家的贸易摩擦进一步增加。多轨制对外贸易政策的实质是全面的贸易保护,其目的在于保护本国弱势部门,发展本国强势部门,是一种以绝对优势作为制定对外贸易政策基础的贸易管理方式。     

关联交易对石油企业的影响及对策

随着企业组织形式和公司治理结构的演变，关联交易已成为石油行业上市企业和未上市企业必须认真面对的大问题。文章分析了石油企业在关联交易中普遍存在的问题，并结合关联交易的政策走向，对油田企业关联交易的运作策略进行了探讨，并对如何搞好关联交易进行了理性分析，提出策略和建议。     

论企业核心能力及其培育

文章简要介绍了核心能力的概念、特征及其对企业的重要性,提出企业核心能力应从思想力、远见力、创新力、整合力和市场力5个方面来进行培育,其中内部管理型和外部交易型两种战略是企业巩固和发展其核心能力的根本途径。     

日本化解贸易摩擦的策略分析--以日美贸易摩擦为例

日本外贸摩擦从50年代中期开始以来从未间断过，而日本在处理与他国的贸易摩擦方面往往能化险为夷，避过贸易战火的伤害，最大程度地保护本国的贸易利益。这主要是因为日本长期以来建立了以监控外贸摩擦为主的，由政府、社会团体及企业广泛参与的预警机制体系，从而做到识警防惠、超前预控。     

Vertical integration as a remedy for imbalances in the ‘Porterian’ value system. The Dutch financial securities industry at the beginning of the 20th century

The way of accounting for vertical integration, of this paper is based on the ‘Porterian’ value system and focuses on the relation between the creation and appropriation of value. The essence of a value system is that at each stage in the system value is created and added to the value created at previous stages. We propose that firms which are unable to appropriate the value they create at the stage they currently inhabit, would find it advantageous to integrate vertically towards stages offering a more attractive relation between value appropriation and value creation. This argument will be illustrated here by the case of a large Dutch bank that integrated vertically towards securities trading.     

The Analysis on the Relationship between Processing Trade and Economic Growth in China

With gradually deepening of international division and frequently developing of transnational corporations, processing trade has been a major trend in international trade. This paper mainly Seeks for the practical and theoretical, supports ,to processing, trade. Meanwhile, it ,shows the developing conditions of processing trade in the world and in China, and analyzes the relationship between processing trade and economic growth in China by linear regression analysis in order to find,the problems and give some suggestions.     

Entry into Swedish Retail and Wholesale Trade Markets

This paper examines, using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, what determined entry into the Swedish retail and wholesale trade markets between 1990 and 1996. According to the results, high returns on equity and low sunk costs seemed to attract more entry into retail trade industries, while recent entry and higher total industry sales were associated with more entry into both retail and wholesale trade local markets.